The embryo is developing offspring during the first 8 weeks after conception, and then used the term fetus until birth. In the medical or legal definition of the public ', human pregnancy can be divided into three trimesters of pregnancy period of three months each, as a means to simplify reference to the different stages of fetal development. The first trimester of pregnancy carries the highest risk of miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus). During the second trimester of pregnancy, fetal development can be more easily monitored and diagnosed. The third trimester of pregnancy characterized by further growth of the fetus and fetal development of fat reserves. The point of fetal viability, or the point in time where the life of the fetus outside the womb is possible, usually coinciding with the final trimester of pregnancy, second or early; babies born at the starting point in the construction of high risk for a medical condition and dying.
Examination of Early Signs of Pregnancy
Signs of early pregnancy can be detected either by the symptoms by pregnant women themselves, or by using medical tests with or without the help of a medical professional. About 1 in 475 women during 20 weeks, and 1 in 2,500 women in childbirth, refusing to acknowledge that they are pregnant, the so-called denial of pregnancy. Some women who are not pregnant have a very strong belief that they are pregnant along with some physical changes. This condition is known as pseudocyesis or false pregnancy.
Physical Signs
Most pregnant women experience a number of symptoms, which can signify pregnancy. Symptoms may include nausea and vomiting, excessive fatigue, craving for certain foods that usually do not seek, and frequent urination, especially at night.
A number of early medical signs associated with signs of pregnancy. Early signs of pregnancy is usually arise, if in the first few weeks after conception. Although not all of these signs are universally appears, also not all diagnostic by themselves, taken together they make a presumptive diagnosis of pregnancy. These signs include the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the blood and urine, missed menstrual period, implantation bleeding that occurs at implantation of the embryo in the uterus in the third or fourth week after last menstrual period, increased body temperature sustained for more than 2 weeks after ovulation, Chadwick's sign (darkening of the cervix, vagina, and vulva), Goodell sign (softening of the vaginal portion of the cervix), Hegar sign (softening of the isthmus of the uterus), and pigmentation of linea alba - Linea nigra, (darkening of the skin in the midline of the abdomen, caused by hyperpigmentation due to hormonal changes, usually appearing around the middle of the pregnancy). Brreast pain is common during the first trimester, and is more common in women who are pregnant at a young age. Shortly after conception, the nipple and areola darkening due to the increase in hormones. This process continues throughout the pregnancy.
Despite all the signs occur, some women may not realize they are pregnant until quite a long gestation period. In some cases, some women are not aware of their pregnancy until they give birth. This can be caused by many factors, including irregular periods (quite common in teenagers), certain medications (not related to pregnancy children), and obese women who disregard their weight. Other people may be in denial of their situation.
Biomarkers
Pregnancy detection can be achieved by using one or more pregnancy tests, which detect hormones generated by the newly formed placenta, serve as a biomarker of pregnancy. Blood and urine tests can detect pregnancy 12 days after implantation. Blood pregnancy test is more sensitive than urine tests. Home pregnancy test with urine tests, and usually detect pregnancy 12 to 15 days after fertilization. Quantitative blood test can determine approximately the date the embryo was conceived. Testing 48 hours apart can provide useful information about how pregnancy enforced. A single test progesterone levels can also help determine how likely the fetus will survive in those who threatened miscarriage (bleeding in early pregnancy).
Ultrasound tests (ultrasound)
Obstetric ultrasonography can detect some congenital diseases at an early stage, estimated due date and detect multiple pregnancy. The resultant estimates of gestational age and fetal maturity date slightly more accurate than methods based on the last menstrual period. In their small risk is not clear whether obstetric ultrasound before 24 weeks make a significant difference in the results.
How to Maintain Pregnancy First Trimester, Second And Third
Food / nutrition for pregnant women
A balanced and nutritious diet is an important aspect of a healthy pregnancy. Eating a healthy diet, balancing carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and eating a variety of fruits and vegetables, usually ensures good nutrition. Those whose diet is influenced by health issues, religious requirements, or ethical beliefs may choose to consult a health professional for specific advice.
Adequate periconceptional intake of folic acid (also called folate or vitamin B9) has been shown to reduce the risk of fetal neural defects such as spina bifida, a serious birth defects. The neural tube develops during the first 28 days of pregnancy, explaining the necessity to guarantee adequate periconceptional folate intake. Folate (from folia, leaf) is abundant in spinach (fresh or frozen), and is found in green leafy vegetables such as salads, beets, broccoli, asparagus, citrus fruits or melons, beans, and eggs.
DHA omega-3 is a major structural fatty acid in the brain and retina, and is naturally found in breast milk. It is important for women to intake of DHA in sufficient quantities during pregnancy and while nursing to support the health of the baby. The growing baby can not produce DHA efficiently, and must receive this vital nutrient from the woman through the placenta during pregnancy and in breast milk after childbirth.
Some micronutrients essential for the health of the developing fetus, especially in areas of the world where the nutrients are not quite common. In developed areas, such as Western Europe and the United States, certain nutrients such as vitamin D and calcium, which is needed for bone development, may require supplementation.
Harmful bacteria or parasites may contaminate food, including Listeria and Toxoplasma gondii. Carefully wash fruits and raw vegetables may remove these pathogens. Pregnant women are also more susceptible to Salmonella infections from eggs and poultry, which should be thoroughly cooked. Practicing good hygiene in the kitchen can reduce these risks.