Definition
Prostate cancer is the development of cancer in the prostate, a gland in the male reproductive system.
Etiology
As with other malignant tumors, the etiology of prostate cancer is not known precisely. There is a link with inflammation or hormones. Nearly 75% of prostate cancers are found in the posterior part of the medial lobe, and almost entirely from parts close to the hoop. There is the opinion noted that there are three times more likely the case because there is a history of the father or grandfather of prostate cancer. Prostate carcinoma is a malignant tumor that is often found in older men (50% of all malignant tumors of men) aged over 50 years and will rise sharply at the age of 80 years.
Signs and Symptoms
The onset of signs and symptoms usually after an advanced stage that is the enlargement of the prostate, because at the beginning of a difficult palpable in touche rectal examination.
1. Impaired urinary tract:
- Urinary retention.
- Nocturia.
- Hematuria.
- Dysuria.
- Piss dripping.
- Pain in the rectum (metastasis to the rectum / perineum).
- Shortness of breath / breathing panting.
- Anemia.
- Weight loss.
Diagnostic Tests
1. Biopsy with a needle through the perineal or transrectal.
2. Biopsy with open skin tissue.
3. Cystoscopy.
4. (CT) scan of the pelvis.
5. transrectal ultrasonography
6. Laboratory:
- Alkaline Phosphatase.
- PAP (Prostatic Acid Phosphatase)
- Serum TAP (Total Acid Phosphatase)
- Hb, leukocytes, platelets.
1. Health Perception and Management
- Factors that cause the onset of prostate cancer.
- Health care, treatment and care at home.
- Habits of food consumed.
- Decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting.
- Weight loss.
- Conjunctival pallor / anemia.
- laboratory:
- HB less than 10 mg%.
- Leukocytes: There was a rise if there is infection of the urinary system.
- Urea: more than 30-40 mg%.
- Creatinine: more than normal.
- Alkhali posphatase: more than normal.
- Albumin: less than normal.
- Globulin: less than normal.
- Urine drips can not radiate, can not empty the bladder until exhausted.
- Nocturia.
- Dysuria.
- Urine mixed blood.
- Intestinal peristalsis less than 6 times / min.
- A full bladder, and palpable hard.
- Rectal touche palpable lump and hard.
- Dark yellow urine color, brown until no blood, there is a small amount of bacteria germs.
4. Activity exercise pattern
- Employment history.
- Complained of weakness, fatigue, listlessness in carrying out activities or hobbies.
- Increased blood pressure.
- Limb edema.
- Sleep disorders due to pain in the peritoneal area.
- A full bladder, frequent urination at night.
- Pain in the back.
- Client knowledge about the disease.
- Attempts to overcome the pain.
- Complain no sense of helplessness, despair, depression, withdrawal.
- Complain of inadequate suport system.
- Complain decreased ability, fear interfere with urine dripping partner.
- An enlarged prostate.
- Complained despair.
- Anger, withdrawal, denial.
- Cancer pain is a curse.
6 Nursing Diagnosis for Prostate Cancer
- Anxiety related to ignorance about the diagnosis and prognosis of action and examination.
- Impaired Urinary Elimination: urinary retention related to urinary tract obstruction of the urethra, bladder tone decreases.
- Imbalanced Nutrition Less than Body Requirements related to increased metabolism (proliferation of cancer cells), inadequate intake.
- Acute pain related to tumor infiltration into bone organs and rectum / perineal.
- Intolerance and impaired mobilization activities related to tissue hypoxia, malnutrition, and compression fatigue and nervous system because the process of metastasis.
- Self-care deficit related to activity intolerance.